Citronella oil is a well-known essential oil extracted from the leaves and stems of the Cymbopogon plant, commonly referred to as lemongrass. With its refreshing citrusy aroma, citronella oil is widely used in aromatherapy, natural insect repellents, and personal care products. However, beyond its fragrance, citronella oil offers a range of scientifically proven health benefits — as well as important precautions users should know.
In this article, we explore what citronella oil is, its main health benefits, how to use it safely, and its potential side effects — based on up-to-date, reliable research.
What Is Citronella Oil?
Origin and Main Compounds
Citronella oil is distilled from two primary types of lemongrass:
- Cymbopogon nardus
- Cymbopogon winterianus
The essential oil is obtained through steam distillation and contains active compounds such as:
- Citronellal
- Geraniol
- Citronellol
- Limonene
These components contribute to citronella oil’s antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties.
Health Benefits of Citronella Oil
1. Natural Insect Repellent
Citronella oil is best known for its ability to repel mosquitoes, flies, and other insects. The oil masks scents that are attractive to insects, making it an effective natural repellent.
Scientific evidence: According to a 2019 study published in the Journal of Tropical Medicine, citronella oil offers up to 2 hours of protection against mosquito bites.
2. Stress Relief and Mood Enhancement
When used in aromatherapy, citronella oil has a calming effect on the mind and body, helping to alleviate stress and anxiety.
Mechanism: The aroma stimulates the limbic system in the brain, which regulates emotions and stress-related hormones.
3. Relieves Inflammation and Muscle Pain
Thanks to its anti-inflammatory properties, citronella oil can reduce muscle pain, cramps, and joint discomfort when applied topically.
Common use: Citronella is often included in muscle balms and traditional massage oils.
4. Antifungal and Antibacterial Properties
The oil can be used to treat minor skin infections, such as athlete’s foot, ringworm, and acne.
Lab research: Studies show citronella oil inhibits the growth of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus.
5. Oil Control for Oily Skin
Citronella oil has astringent properties that help tighten pores and reduce excess oil, making it ideal for oily or acne-prone skin.
6. Natural Air Freshener and Odor Eliminator
It is also used in natural household sprays and diffusers to freshen the air, kill airborne bacteria, and eliminate unpleasant odors.
How to Use Citronella Oil Safely and Effectively
1. Topical Application
Always dilute citronella oil before applying it to the skin. Mix 3–5 drops with 1 tablespoon of carrier oil such as coconut, olive, or almond oil.
Never apply undiluted oil directly to the skin as it may cause irritation.
2. Aromatherapy
Add 5–10 drops of citronella oil to a diffuser to create a calming atmosphere. You can also add it to hot water for steam inhalation.
3. Household Cleaning Products
Citronella oil can be added to liquid soaps, floor cleaners, or room sprays as a natural antiseptic and insect repellent.
4. DIY Mosquito Repellent Spray
Mix the following:
- 10 drops of citronella oil
- 100 ml distilled water
- 1 tbsp witch hazel or 70% alcohol
Shake well and spray on the body or clothes before going outdoors.
Potential Side Effects and Safety Precautions
1. Skin Irritation
Citronella oil can cause:
- Redness
- Itching
- Mild burning sensation
Tip: Always conduct a patch test before full-body application.
2. Allergic Reactions
Although rare, some individuals may experience severe allergic reactions such as swelling, rashes, or difficulty breathing.
3. Not Recommended for Pregnant Women or Infants
There is insufficient evidence regarding the safety of citronella oil use during pregnancy or in children under 2 years old. Consult a physician before use.
4. Not for Internal Use
Citronella oil is not safe for ingestion. Swallowing it can result in nausea, vomiting, or toxic reactions.
Citronella Oil vs Other Essential Oils
| Essential Oil | Primary Function | Strengths |
|---|---|---|
| Citronella Oil | Insect repellent, antimicrobial | Refreshing scent, natural bug repellent |
| Lavender Oil | Relaxation, sleep aid | Strong calming effect |
| Tea Tree Oil | Acne treatment, antifungal | Potent antibacterial agent |
| Eucalyptus Oil | Respiratory relief | Ideal for inhalation and flu |
While each oil has unique properties, citronella oil excels in bug repellency and air purification.
How to Choose High-Quality Citronella Oil
- Ensure it’s 100% pure with no synthetic additives or artificial fragrances.
- Choose dark glass bottles (amber or cobalt blue) to protect from light degradation.
- Look for certifications like USDA Organic, GMP, or local health authority registration.
- Check the source — Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and India produce high-grade citronella.
Conclusion
Citronella oil is a versatile essential oil with numerous health and household benefits. From repelling mosquitoes to easing stress and treating skin conditions, it provides a natural solution backed by scientific evidence. When used correctly, citronella oil can be a powerful and safe addition to your wellness routine and home environment.
